TMJ Disorders: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

TMJ stands for temporomandibular joint, which is the joint that connects the jawbone (mandible) to the skull. The TMJ is specifically located on the side of the head in front of the ear canal on both sides of the head and is what allows us to move our jaw downwards and upwards, side to side, and front and back.

The TMJ is a complex joint that consists of several components, including:

● The mandible (jawbone)
● The temporal bone (skull bone)
● The articular disc (a soft, rubbery tissue that separates the moving parts of the joint)
● The ligaments (tendons that connect the mandible to the temporal bone)
● The muscles (such as the masseter and temporalis muscles that move the jaw)

TMJ disorders can occur when there is an imbalance or misalignment in the joint, which can cause symptoms such as:

● Pain or tenderness in the jaw, face, or temple
● Clicking or locking of the jaw
● Difficulty opening or closing the mouth
● Grating or grinding sounds when opening or closing the mouth
● Swelling or inflammation in the face

Treatment for TMJ disorders may involve physical therapy, medication, or surgical interventions to realign the joint and relieve symptoms.

TMJ disorders can be caused by an array of different reasons. One of the most known common causes is dental issues, such as misaligned teeth or bite problems, which can put a strain on the TMJ. Additionally, grinding and clenching teeth, often due to stress, anxiety, or other habits, can also cause tension and pain in the TMJ.

Trauma to the jaw, face, or head, such as whiplash or a blow to the jaw, can also cause TMJ disorders. Poor posture, particularly forward head posture, can also put a strain on the TMJ by causing the jaw to be positioned forward of the ear canal. Age can also play a role, as the TMJ cartilage can break down over a period of time, which may lead to pain and stiffness.

Genetic factors also play a part in an increased risk of developing a TMJ disorder. Pregnancy hormones, menstruation, or menopause may also cause changes in the TMJ. Sleep disorders such as sleep bruxism (grinding or clenching during sleep) can also contribute to TMJ disorders.

The symptoms of TMJ disorders can vary from person to person, but common complaints include a clicking or popping sound when you open or close the mouth, pain or tenderness in the jaw, ear pain or ringing in the ears, headaches, facial pain or pressure, difficulty chewing or biting, and limited jaw movement. Some people may also experience a feeling of stiffness or locking in the jaw, or a sudden inability to open the mouth. Additionally, some people may experience symptoms such as tooth sensitivity, ear fullness, or difficulty swallowing. In some cases, TMJ disorders can also cause facial pain and swelling, as well as numbness or tingling in the face and lips.

TMJ disorders are typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests. The physical exam may also include a visual examination of the jaw and facial muscles, as well as palpation (feeling) for tenderness or abnormalities in the joint and surrounding tissues. The doctor could ask the patient to do some specific movements, like opening the mouth wide or clenching the jaw, to assess the range of motion and any pain or discomfort. Tests can also be used like X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans to fully see the TMJ and surrounding structures and to rule out other conditions that may be causing symptoms. In some unique instances, a dentist or oral surgeon may also perform a comprehensive dental examination to rule out any dental-related issues that may be contributing to the TMJ symptoms. Make sure to contact your TMJ specialist if you have any concerns or worries.

For more information, contact us today or book an appointment online to explore your treatment options and start your journey to a more active, pain-free lifestyle. We serve patients from Jersey City NJ, Hoboken NJ, Weehawken NJ, West New York NJ, Guttenberg NJ, Secaucus NJ, Harrison NJ, Kearny NJ, Newark NJ, Belleville NJ, Lyndhurst NJ, East Orange NJ, and Elizabeth NJ.